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Background Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are currently under investigation for the treatment of inflammatory disorders,including Crohns disease.MSCs are pluripotent cells with immunosuppressive properties.Growing evidence indicates that resting MSCs do not have significant immunomodulatory activity, but that TLR3 (poly(I:C)) priming entails MSCs immunosuppressive activity.Thus, we assessed the effects of poly(I:C)-primed MSCs on their immunosuppressive properties in vitro and in vivo.