目的 The purpose was to identify early predictors of NIV failure,so as to alert clinicians early that endotracheal intubation andinvasive mechanical ventilation might be appropriate.方法 We conducted an observational cohort study over a 3-year period in a 28-bed emergency intensive care unit(EICU),and prospectively included all consecutive patients in whom a trial of NIV was attempted as initial ventilatory support for thepresence of ACPE.The primary outcome variables were NIV failure rate,and risk factors associated with NIV failure.