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Objective：We tilage defeinvestigated the effect of bFGF microspheres on the healing of different sizes of articular carcts in rabbits. Method：Full-thickness defects were made in 48 male New Zealand white rabbits.According different sizes and methods,the rabbits were divided into four groups(A, free-bFGF group:5x5x3mm; microspheres group :B group,5x5x3mm , C group,5x7x3mm,D group,5x9x3mm). The speciments were collected in 4,8, 12 weeks post-operation. General observation,histological grading and immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization for type II collagen were applied and the glycosaminoglycan content was quantified to the repire of defects in different groups. Result The average total scores on the histological grading scale were significantly better (p ＜0.05) for the defects treated with bFGF microspheres than for the untreated defects at all time-points. At 12 weeks,the thickness of the repair cartilage was similar wirh the normal adjacent articular cartilage and a new tidemark usually had formed between the repair cartilage and the underlying subehondral bone in group B . Immunostaining with an antibody against type-Ⅱ collagen showed the diffuse presence of this cartilage-specific collagen throughout the repair cartilage in the treated defects and positive rate in group B was highest then the others with significant difference. The histological scores and GAG content in group B was more than those in other two groups with significant difference. Conclution This study indicated that the intraarticular injection of bFGF/PLGA microspheres could repair of articular cartilage defects in the knees of rabbits with like-cartilage tissue.But this repairment related to the size of the defect, it can only repire the size of the defect under 5x7x3mm ,can not repir the size more than this.