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Cycooxygenase-2 (COX-2) is an inducible enzyme that catalyzes arachidonic acid conversion to prostaglandins, Induction of COX-2 is in response to inflammatory and other physiological stimuli and growthfactors.Expression of COX-2 is involved in the production of different prostaglandins that mediate pain and support the inflammatory process.Its promoter activation by pro-inflammatory mediators has been extensively investigated, promoter regions of COX-2 contain a classical TATA box, an E-box, and a series of binding sites for transcription factors such as nuclear factor κB (NF-κ B), NFAT/AP-1, nuclear factor IL-6/CCAAT-enhancer protein, and cyclic AMP-response element CRE-binding proteins (CREB), which regulate COX-2 gene expression at transcriptional level.Viral proteins have been shown to stimulate COX-2 expression, such as, Epstein-Barr virus latent membrane protein 1, X protein of hepatitis B virus, Gp120 and Tat of human immunodeficiency virus, Core and NS5A proteins of hepatitis C virus are able to up-regulate COX-2 expression in different human cell lines.