论文部分内容阅读
In recent years water shortage is becoming one of the major worldwide problem,which negatively affects the quality of human life and the industrial development.As a consequence,water availability needs to be necessarily increased through advanced water production and treatment systems.Membrane technologies,such as RO,MF,UF and NF,are already dominant technologies in sea-and brackish-water desalination and waste water treatment and reuse.At present,the most interesting developments for these industrial membrane technologies are related to the possibility of integrating different membrane operations in order:(i)to exploit the advantages due to the introduction of a specific membrane operation,(ii)to take advantages from the synerglc effects that Can be reached,and(iii)to improve the recovery factor of the water treatment plants,pointing tothe goal or marginal or zero brine production and-as a consequence-to the reduction of the environmental problems related to lts disposal.In this logic,Membrane Crystallizer(MCr)emerges as an innovative process for the quasi-total recovery of the desalted water combined to solid salts production:an interesting possibility for utilizing the added value of the retentate streams usually discharged by the desalination plants,thus reducing brine disposal problem,producing valuable crystals and increasing plant recovery factor.In this work,MCr has been used for potable water production and crystals recovery from NF retentate stream of an integrated membrane process constituted by MF/MF/R0.The results of the experimental tests have been compared wlth the ones achieved through computer simulation in term of water and crystals recovery.The results achieved through computer simulation and experimental tests show a good agreement.with error less than 6%.