Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have been widely used in genetic dissection of complex traits.However,common methods are all based on a fixed-SNP-effect mixed linear model (MLM) and single marker genome scan analysis,such as efficient mixedl model association (EMMA).These methods require Bonferroni correction for multiple tests,which often is too conservative to detect some important loci for complex traits when the number of markers is extremely large.