Comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography in tandem with flame ionization detection (GC × GC-FID) was used for the qualitative fingerprint characterisation of four different types of powdered incense headspace (H/S), and incense smoke.Solid phase microextraction (SPME) with a polydimethylsiloxane/divinylbenzene (PDMS/DVB) 65 μm fiber was used for extraction of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in the incense powder and smoke for the first time.Low-polarity/polar, and polar/non-polar phase combinations were tested to contrast the GC × GC separation of components in these two column sets.