Lithium ion batteries (LIBs) have become dominant in the market since their commercialization in 1991.However, their specific capacity and energy are inherently limited to approximately 300 mA h g-1 and 400 W h kg-1 by the high molecular weight of lithium-metal oxides and the single-electron-transfer reaction.Such a low specific energy is insufficient as a power storage medium for advanced electric vehicles.Lithium sulfur (Li-S) batteries, which use sulfur as the active material in the cathode and lithium as the anode material, are promising future energy sources offering very high theoretical specific energy (2600 W h kg-1).