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Objective To investigate the clinical effects of recombinant human brain natri-uretic peptide(rhBNP) on intractable heart failure.Methods Sixty-one patients with intractable heart failure were randomly divided into two groups: rhBNP group (30 patients)treated with rhBNP combined conventional anti-heart failure therapy and the control group (31 patients)treated with conventional anti-heart failure therapy.Therapeutic efficacy was observed, plasma N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) level was measured, and cardiac function was to detected by ultrasound in patients with before and one week after treatment.Results The total effective rate was 93.3% (28/30) inrhBNP group, and 67.7% (21/31) in control group.There were significant differences on NT-proBNP level between rhBNP group treated before and after [(1 918±466) ng/L vs (590± 81) ng/L, P < 0.01], and control group treated before and after [(1803±603) ng/L vs (990± 99) ng/L, P<0.01], and rhBNP group and control group treated after 1 week (P<0.01) respectively.There were significant differences on LVDD and LVEF between two groups treated before and after [rhBNP group LVDD: (68±8)mm vs (59±7)mm, control group LVDD: (66± 8)mm vs (61±8)rmm, rhBNP group LVEF: (34±7)% vs (45±7)%, control group LVEF: (35±7)% vs (40±8)%] , and on LVEF rhBNP group and control group after treatment (P<0.01).However, there were no differences between rhBNP group and control group on LVDD after treatment (P>0.05).Conclusion rhBNP can reduce plasma NT-proBNP level significantly.It is one of favourable drug in treating intractable heart failure.