The shrub Smilax aspera has a broad disjunct distribution, ranging from Mediterranean, Macaronesia, east tropical Africa to South Asia, stopped just right on the collision between India continent and Asia, which is much of consistent with the fragmentation of the evergreen tropical and subtropical forest in the Tertiary.The study aims to investigate phylogeographical patterns in S.aspera and to elucidate the time frame and events associated with ancestral areas and migration routes.