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本文采用1999~2007年中国制造业企业数据,运用倾向评分匹配和倍差法相结合的方法研究生产补贴对企业出口行为的因果效应。结果表明,生产补贴会有效激励非出口企业进入出口市场,但不会对出口企业的出口强度产生影响。分企业性质类型的实证结果进一步揭示,民营企业对生产补贴的利用效率显著高于国有企业和外资企业:生产补贴对非出口企业的出口促进作用只体现在其对民营企业的行为激励上,生产补贴并不能提高非出口企业中国有企业和外资企业的出口倾向;然而,仍然没有结果能够有力证明生产补贴会对国有企业、民营企业或外资企业的出口强度发生显著影响,生产补贴在帮助企业改善生产、扩大出口方面缺乏效率。
In this paper, the data of Chinese manufacturing enterprises from 1999 to 2007 are used to study the causal effect of production subsidies on the export behavior of enterprises through the combination of propensity score matching and multiple-difference method. The results show that production subsidies will effectively encourage non-export enterprises to enter the export market, but will not affect exporters’ export intensity. The empirical results of the nature of the sub-enterprises further revealed that private-owned enterprises’ utilization efficiency of production subsidies was significantly higher than that of state-owned enterprises and foreign-funded enterprises. The promotion effect of production subsidies on the export of non-export enterprises was only manifested in the behavioral incentives of private enterprises, Subsidies do not increase the propensity of Chinese non-exporting enterprises to export to Chinese enterprises and foreign-funded enterprises. However, there is still no result that can strongly prove that production subsidies will have a significant impact on the export intensity of state-owned enterprises, private enterprises or foreign-funded enterprises. Production subsidies help enterprises to improve Lack of efficiency in producing and expanding exports.