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Objective To observe perioperative variation of acute lung injury(ALI) and the correlation between perioperative ALI and inflammatory cytokine in patients undergoing surgical treatment for acute StandfordA aortic dissection.Methods With the permit of ethic committee of Capital Medical University and Beijing Anzhen Hospital, 40 patients admitted between January 2013 to December 2013 suffered with Standford A acute aortic dissection (AAD) undergone surcical repairs had been successively recruited undergeneral anaesthesia and DHCA.Demographic data were collected.Multiple perioperative factors including age,gender, BMI,AADonsettime,complications,smoking history.PaO2/FiO2and P(A-a) DO2 were assayed.Levels of interleukin 6 (IL-6), interleukdn 8 (IL-8), interleukin 10 (IL-10) ,tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) in serum were measured at the immediate before operation, after anesthesia induction、 before the the end of the operation, and 6 h after operation respectively.Statistical analysis was processed by SPSS 13.0 software.Results Before operation there were 17 patients PaO2/FiO2 < 300mmHg, meeting the diagnostic criteria of ALI.Serum concentration of IL-6、 IL-8、 TNF-α had a gradually increasing trend throughout the procedure (P<0.05) ,and serum concentration of IL-6、 IL-8、 TNF-α had a gradually decreasing trend (P<0.05).There were no correlation between age, gender, BMI, time of ADD onset, complication, smoking history, TNF-α and PaO2/FiO2 ,P(A-a) DO2 (P>0.05).There were no correlation between IL-6、 IL-8、 IL-10 and P(A-a) DO2 (P > 0.05) ,but there were significant correlations between IL-6、 IL-8、 IL-10 and PaO2/FiO2 (P<0.05) , the value of correlation index derived from correlation analysis were (-0.829)、 (-0.701)、 0.410 respectively.Conclusion For patients with acute type A aortic dissection, the patient can be attacked with ALI before surgical treatment procedure.The severity of lung injury had a gradually increasing trend throughout the procedure.The patient with preoperative ALI may suffered with a aggravated pulmonary abnormalitiesintroperatively and postoperatively.The results of correlation between serum IL-6, 8, 10 level and PaO2/FiO2 in patients with acute type A aortic dissection suggests that these cytokines take part in pathological process of acute lung injury in patients with acute type A aortic dissection.