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Small prime volume is a major factor in decreasing homologous blood transfusion.From January 2006 to June 2007,367 patients weighing less than 15Kg underwent surgery:Group 1,214 neonates and infants (rang 2.1 ~ 1 l kg,mean 4.5 ± 1.5kg) with prime (125ml) composed of blood (fresh frozen plasma [FFP] and packed red blood cells [PRBC]); Group 2,153 infants and children (rang 5.7 ~ 15kg,mean 9.7 ± 2.7kg)with prime (155ml) composed of blood or of lactated Ringer solution (50%) and hydroxyethyl Starch (50%).We do not use hemofiltration or cell salvage intraoperatively.