We developed a microfluidic chip capable of delivering fluid shear stress (FSS) and cyclic stretch (CS) simultaneously or independently to vascular cells to mimic the haemodynamic microenvironment of blood vessel in vivo.The microfluidic flow-stretch chip is composed of three parts: a microfluidic channel layer (top),an elastic membrane (middle),and an actuation layer (bottom) (Fig.1A),all of which are made of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS).Using this chip,we systematically studied the effects of FSS alone,CS alone and their combination on cytoskeleton reorganization of rat mesenchymal stem cells (rMSCs).The results demonstrate that FSS and CS can separately induce reorganization of stress fibers of rMSCs.The FSS and stretch can synergistically regulated the anisotropic alignment of the stress fibers (Fig.1B).The experimental evaluations suggest that our flow-stretch chip is an ideal model for simulating the haemodynamic microenvironment.