Pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) has been focused on again in recent decades because of its rising trend of incidence and meanwhile more and more researches has disclosed the relationship between the microbiota and the chronic infectious diseases.In our work, we enrolled 32 patients of primary TB and they were featured by unilateral TB lesion forming when diagnosed by chest radiographic exam and from them, bronchial-alveolar lavage fluid from both sides of lungs were taken.In addition, 24 health people were chosen as normal control.