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Forest soil organic carbon is an important part of global carbon cycle and soil active organic carbon as the active chemical component in it is organic carbon dynamics sensitivity index plays a very important role in the global carbon cycle.In the current research,it already caused attention of the Soil Science,Ecology and Environmental Science.The active part of the accounts for only of the total organic carbon a small portion of,but directly involved in soil biological.chemical conversion process,therefore,soil organic carbon active components has important significance on soil carbon library balance and soil chemical biochemistry fertility conservation.This paper introduces the representative active carbon fractions:the characterization of dissolved organic carbon,microbial biomass carbon,mineralizable carbon,light fraction organic carbon,particulate organic carbon and briefly describes the current domestic and foreign often used methods and reviews the main affecting factors of forest soil active organic carbon: soil water content,seasonal variation and temperature,land-use and management on soil active organic carbon.