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In 2000, breast cancer accounted for 22% of all new cancers in women world-wide.In Europe, 345,000 women are diagnosed with breast cancer, and 130,000 women die from breast cancer every year, and breast cancer is the most common cause of death of middle-aged women.In Finland, with a population of five million, the breast cancer incidence has steadily increased since the 1950s.In 1959-1964, 741 new breast cancers were diagnosed annually.In 2005, the number was 4021.At present the breast cancer incidence is 86 per 100,000 women.By the year 2015, the breast cancer incidence is expected to rise to 117 per 100,000 women.In Finland, a pilot study on breast cancer screening began in 1982.The nationwide mammography programme started in 1987 and was implemented gradually by 1991.The screening interval is 2 years.The coverage of screening invitations has been over 95% among women aged 50-59years.Among 60-64 years old women the invitational coverage has been 40 %, and among women aged 65-69 years 20%.In a cohort study1 of invitees (N=361,848) from 260/460 municipalities in Finland, the median number of invitations was 3 (1-8), during the median followup time of 9.8 years.The breast cancer mortality among the invited women was reduced by 22% (relative risk 0.78, 95% confidence interval 0.70-0.87).After adjusting for the self selection, the efficacy among the participants was 28% (0.72, 0.56-0.88).1Sarkeala T, Hein(a)vaara S, Anttila A.Organised mammography screening reduces breast cancer mortality: A cohort study from Finland.Int J Cancer 2008; 122: 614-619.