Nogo-66 receptor (NgR) as a common receptor for three myelin-associated inhibitors plays a key role in the failure of axon regeneration in adult mammalian central nervous system (CNS).In this study,we present a novel vaccine approach by stimulating production of anti-NgR antibody to overcome the inhibition mediated by NgR and promote axon regeneration after spinal cord injury (SCI) in adult rats.Our results showed that the rats immunized with NgR could be induced to produce high titer of anti-NgR antibody.And antisera from immunized rats were able to block the inhibitory effect of MAG,one of the myelin-associated inhibitors,and promoted neurit outgrowth of rat cerebellar neurons cultured in myelin associated inhibitory substrate in vitro.Furthermore,the BDA tracing of corticolspinal tract (CST) revealed that NgR immunized rats showed extensive regeneration of corticospinal tracts after spinal cord dorsal hemisection.And the functional studies (BBB score and grid walk) also showed motor function recovery of the hindlimbs in NgR immunized rats.