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High thermal conductivity polymers find wider uses in microelectronic packaging and electrical insulation.The key points to improve thermal conductivity of polymer lie in: 1) forming stable and effective heat conductive paths inside matrix;2) decreasing phonon interfacial scatting and thermal resistance;3) enhancing phonon transfer along thermal conductive paths.This paper explores the ways to improve and enhance thermal conductivity of polymer based on the following viewpoints of thermal conductive particle fillers, polymer matrix, phase interface structure, processing methods etc, respectively.