Objective: To study the effect of early over-nutrition on blood pressure and renin-angiotensin system(RAS) in growth and development period, then to investigate the role of RAS in circulation and local tissue( renal or vascular) in the mechanism of nutrition programming. Methods: (1) Pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats were fed with high-fat diet or standard diet during gestational and lactation period until pups weaned. Thus their offspring were divided into two groups: The high-fat diet group(HF) and the control diet group(Con).Choosing female offspring as study object.(2)Body weight and food intake was monitored once a week throughout life. Systolic Blood pressure and heart rate was recorded at 3th,8th and 16th week.(3)Triglycerides and cholesterol levels at 3th,8th and 16th week were measured by enzvmatic assay; angiotensin Ⅱ(AngⅡ) and angiotensin(1-7)[Ang(1-7)] levels at 3th,8th and 16th week were measured by ELISA; Glucose tolerance test of the offspring at 3th and 16th week of age were assessed.(4) HE staining was used to observe the morphology of aortic vessel wall at 16th week. The gene expression of angiotensin-converting enzyme(ACE),angiotensin-converting enzyme 2(ACE2),angiotensin Ⅱ type 1 receptor(AT1) and Mas receptor in renal or vascular tissue were determined by real-time PCR, and the protein expression of them were determined by western blot.Results: (1) Body weight of HF group was significantly higher than Con group from 1st week after birth and persisted into adulthood. Food intake of HF group was significantly higher than Con group in early stage after wean, and had no significant difference after 5th week.(2)Systolic Blood pressure of HF group had no significant difference with Con group at 3th and 8th week(P>0.05),but was significantly higher than Con group at 16th week(P<0.05).Heart rate of HF group had no significant difference with Con group at 3th,8th and 16th week (P > 0.05)(3) Triglycerides and cholesterol levels of HF group had no significant difference with Con group at 3th,8th and 16th week (P>0.05).Glucose tolerance test of HF group had no significant difference with Con group at 3th week (P>0.05),but blood glucose levels were significantly higher than Con group after the glucose tolerance test at 16th week (p<0.05). (4) Morphology of aortic vessel wall in two groups had no visible difference under microscope. Thickness of aortic vessel wall in two groups had no significant difference(P>0.05).(5)AngⅡ levels of HF group had no significant difference with Con group at 3th,8th and 16th week (P>0.05).Ang (1-7) level of HF group had no significant difference with Con group at 3th week(P>0.05),but were significantly higher than Con group at 8th and 16th week(P< 0.05).(6) In renal tissue, the mRNA and protein expression of ACE,ACE2,AT1,Mas of HF group had no significant difference with Con group at 3th week(P>0.05). The mRNA and protein expression of ACE2 of HF group was significantly lower than Con group at 8th and 16th week(P<0.05). The mRNA and protein expression of ACE of HF group was significantly higher than Con group at 8th week(P<0.05). The mRNA expression of ACE of HF group still had higher trend than Con group at 16th week, but had no statistical difference (P>0.05). The protein expression of ACE of HF group was significantly higher than Con group at 16th week(P<0.05).The mRNA and protein expression of Mas of HF group was significantly lower than Con group at 8th and 16th week(P<0.05).The mRNA and protein expression of AT1 of HF group was significantly higher than Con group at 8th week(P<0.05),but had no significant difference with Con group at 16th week (P>0.05).(7) In vascular tissue, the mRNA and protein expression of ACE in HF group had no significant difference with Con group at 3th week(P>0.05),but was significantly lower than Con group at 8th and 16th week(P<0.05). The mRNA and protein expression of ACE2,AT1 and Mas in HF group had no significant difference with Con group at 3th,8th and 16th week(P>0.05).