Objectives: To identify the screening effect for choosing postoperative adjuvant therapy of neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) in locally advanced cervical cancer patients and to illustrate survival outcomes.Methods: 326 patients with FIGO (International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics) stage ⅠB2 or Ⅱ A2 cervical cancer were retrospectively studied.These patients were treated with NACT followed by radical surgery between 2005 and 2010 in Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center.The median follow-up period was 48months (range,3-114months).All enrolled patients received 1-3 cycles of platinum-based chemotherapy.Results: After neoadjuvant chemotherapy,266 cases (81.6%) were noted a complete or partial response (CR or PR),54 cases (16.6%) with stable disease (SD),and 6 cases with progress disease (PD).The progression-free survival (PFS)was 99.6 months and 78.3 months in CR and PR cases or SD and PD cases,respectively (P=0.013).The overall survival (OS) was 105.3 months and 89.4 months,respectively (P=0.086).This study demonstrated that stage,positive nodes and deep cervical stromal infiltration were the independent prognostic factors and 116 out of 326 patients (35.6%) had no prognostic factors after surgery.Besides,43.8% of CR or PR cases received postoperative radiation and 66.7%in SD or PD cases (P=0.001).98.3% of patients without prognostic factors (116 cases) had no post-operative radiotherapy with the 5-year overall rate of 98.1%.Conclusions: Chemo-surgical approach is an effective therapeutic option with good survival outcomes for patients with stage 1B2 and ⅡA2 cervical cancer.NACT could eliminate high risk factors instead of concealing them,and has the screening effect for choosing postoperative adjuvant therapy.The use of radiotherapy could be avoided in patients without prognostic factors.