Neuroinflammation plays an aggravating role in Parkinsons disease (PD).Mounting evidence suggests that iron is involved in the mechanisms underlined in many neurodegenerative diseases.However, it remains unknown whether the brain iron dysregulation induced bv inflammation contributes to the PD pathogenesis; what mechanisms might be critically involved.This study discovered that hepcidin, a long-sought iron-regulatory hormone, enhanced the neurotoxicity after LPS treatment in the MPTP mouse model of PD.Indeed, LPS treatment induced significant increase of hepcidin by stimulating both IL-6 expression and STAT3 activation in mouse brain.