Rural masonry building is the most common form of earthquake damaged structures.In this paper,a three-dimensional finite element model of masonry structure was established by ABAQUS analysis software,and the seismic response of structural damage,crack distribution and load displacement curve under seismic action were obtained based on Push-over analysis method.Then the seismic performance of the structure was evaluated based on the story drift.The results show that: the injury of longitudinal wall with holes is greater than that of cross wall without hole; the damage of the substructure is greater than the superstructure,and cracks are mainly distributed on the walls in stairwell and large bay with concentrated stress under seismic action.When the mortar strength grade is increased from M7.5 to M10,the damage parameters of masonry structure will grow faster,but the ultimate damage will decrease by 2.1%; the maximum story drift angle under the basic fortification intensity earthquake and rare earthquake will decrease by 24.2%and 30.5%,the structure will not initiate collapse.When the beam is set up,the load displacement curve will down slowly,and beam constraints will still have a certain bearing capacity when the masonry structure reaching the failure load,the degree of structural damage will decrease by 10.9%; the maximum story drift angle under the basic fortification intensity earthquake and rare earthquake will decrease by 30%and 45.1%,the seismic capacity will be significantly higher than before.When the mortar strength grade is increased and the beam is set up,the structural damage degree will decrease by 17.4%,and the maximum story drift angle under the basic fortification intensity earthquake and rare earthquake will decrease by 45.7%and 63.2%,the structure will have a good stability which can meet the seismic requirements.It turns out that it is significant to improve the seismic capacity of masonry structure by lifting the strength mortar grade and setting the ring beam.