Objective: To explore the relationship between essential hypertension (EH) and the polymorphism of angiotensinogen (AGT) and Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme (ACE) of patients in the Hefei region, Anhui, China.Methods: A total of 400 patients with EH were recruited.The control to case ratio is 1:4.The polymorphisms of AGT gene rs5051 and ACE gene rs12709426 were detected by applying Improved Multiple Ligase Detection Reaction (imLDR).Results: There are significant differences in the polymorphism of the AGT gene rs5051 genotype and C, T allele between the EH and control groups (p<0.01).The frequencies of C allele are higher than those of T allele, with OR (95% CI) =1.69 (1.17, 2.44).ACE gene rs12709426 only has homozygous AA genotype and no gene polymorphism.There is no difference between the EH and control groups (x2=0, P=1) in terms of the frequencies of gene polymorphism.Conclusion: The TT genotype of AGT gene rs5051 is involved in the pathogenesis of patients with EH in the Hefei region.The AGT gene rs5051 serves as the cause in attacks of EH patients.ACE gene rs12709426 only has homozygous AA genotype, and no association in the attacks of EH.