Nicotine addiction is associated with risky behaviors and with abnormalities in local brain areas related to risky decision making,including the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex(dACC),anterior insula(
Heroin dependence is a chronic relapsing disorder characterized by persistent and compulsive drug-seeking and –taking behaviors without regarding the consequence.
Background: As demonstrated by previous studies,food restriction(FR)can protect neurons against degeneration in animal models of Alzheimers,Parkinsons and Huntingtons diseases and stroke.
Neurons in the dorsal subdivision of the medial superior temporal area(MSTd)and the ventral intraparietal area(VIP)both show directionally selective responses to visual(optic flow)stimuli.
Recombinant adeno-associated virus(rAAV)vectors have been broadly used for transduction of foreign genes in specific type of neurons and for tracing,monitoring,and manipulating the neural circuits.
High-frequency ripple oscillations(100-250 Hz)of local field potentials(LFPs),observed most prominently in the hippocampus during slow wave sleep or awake immobility,are associated with memory consoli