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Phytoplankton samples were collected with phytoplankton net(mesh size is 76μm)from Beibu Gulf,China.The community structure and its environmental factors were investigated.Our results showed that the abundance of phytoplankton was seasonal dependant in according to the following trends: summer>fall>winter ≥spring,ranging from 0.23×104 to 8.17×l08cells/m3.The cell abundance of phytoplankton showed a decreasing trend from along-shore to far-shore.Four seasons had the same dominant species Thalassionema nitzschioides(Grun.)Van Heurck.The main ecological groups of phytoplankton were widespread group and warm water group.The phytoplankton diversity index of the whole gulf was high;an indicative of stability of the community structure as well as the environmentally health features of the gulf.