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Naegleria is a free-living amoeba,and pathogenic Naegleria may pose a health risk to people exposed to recreational waters.The objective of the present study was to determine if there are pathogenic amoebae in environmental water samples collected from Northeastern China.During July to September 2012,a total of 70 water samples were collected from Changchun,Northeastern China,and Naegleria was enriched by in vitro culture and detected by PCR using Naegleria genus-specific primers.Naegleria was detected in 65 (92.9%) of 70 water samples.DNA sequence and phylogenetic analyses based on the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) rDNA sequences revealed four Naegleria species,including N.pagei (n =24) and N.Australiensis (n =18),N.clarki (n =13) and N.gruberi (n =10),in which N.australiensis is pathogenic to mice.This is the first report on Naegleria species in Northeastern China,showing that almost all environmental water samples were contaminated with Naegleria,including N.pagei,N.Australiensis,N.clarki and N.grnberi,which should be considered a potential public health threat.