In this study,the different individuals of three C.oleifera cultivars Longyan(LY),Xianglin 78(XL78),Xianglin 16(XL16)suffered from a long-term drought and high temperature stress(DHTS)and followed by the DHTS recovery(DHTSR,rainfall),were performed to the morphological,physiological,biochemical and molecular assay.The results showed that the relative water content(RWC),chlorophyll SPAD index and soluble protein(SP)under DHTS were lower than those under DHTSR condition,while the total solution sugar(TSS)and specific leaf area(SLA)were much higher in most cases,and cultivars were distinguished through these parameters,i.e.XL78 had the higher RWC,chlorophyll SPAD index,the lower TSS and the moderate SP,suggesting that our approaches were useful for detecting and screening C.oleifera germplasms,of which RWC was the effective detected method,and chlorophyll was the fast ones.Moreover,the transcript abundances of the Rubisco-related genes showed that Co-rbcL and Co-rbcS tended to the similar declined tendency under DHTS condition,while Co-RCA were almost the opposite to them.XL 78 presented the higher transcript levels in Co-rbcL,Co-rbcS and Co-RCA under DHTS,while DHTSR could differentiatedly change the DHTS-caused transcription patterns,reflecting that there were the great differences among different individuals.In summary,we uncovered the different effects of DHTS and DHTSR and elaborated mechanism of drought-tolerant and high temperature Oil-tea genotypes,and found that XL78 and LY were much stable than XL16,and that transcription expression of Co-rbcL was a more ideal molecular marker to differentiate cultivars and individuals,and also affirmed that the molecular assay was sufficiently sensitive to resolve genotypic differences,and these differences translated to morphological,physiological and biochemical performances.