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Purpose: To study the cost of osteoporotic fracture in China and, thus, to provide essential information about the burden of this disease to individuals and society.Methods: This prospective observational data collection study assessed the cost related to hip, vertebral and wrist fracture 1 year after the fracture based on a patient sample consisting of 938 men and women.The information was collected using patient records, registry sources and patient interviews.Both direct medical,direct non-medical, and indirect non-medical costs were considered.Results: The annual total costs were highest in hip fracture patients (RMB 27, 283 or USD 4, 330, with confidence interval (RMB 25715, 28851)), followed by patients with vertebral fracture (RMB 21, 474 or USD 3,409, with confidence interval (RMB 20082, 22866)) and wrist fracture (RMB 8, 828 or USD 1,401, with confidence interval (RMB 7829, 9827)).The direct medical care costs averaged approximately RMB 17,007 per year per patient, of which inpatient costs, drugs and investigations accounted for the majority of the costs.Nonmedical direct costs were much less compared to direct health care costs and averaged approximately RMB 1, 846.Conclusion: These results indicate that the economic burden of osteoporotic fracture to both Chinese patients and China was heavy, and the proportion of the costs in China demonstrated many similar features and some significant differences compared to other countries.