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陡槽高速泄流可能产生的空蚀破坏是目前大型水电站十分关注的问题之一,本文通过1∶40整体水工模型试验,研究了陡槽的底掺气与侧掺气的掺气减蚀规律。结果表明,底空腔长度与单宽泄量呈抛物关系,拐点的临界单宽泄量取决于底挑坎水流的出射角;通气孔通气量与单宽泄量间存在二次函数关系,水体掺气率系数并不是常数,随水流紊动增大而减小;设侧掺气坎使水体掺气浓度显著增加,不仅保护了泄槽侧壁,也加强了底板的保护。
Cavitation damage possibly caused by high-speed discharge of a steep chute is one of the most concerned problems in large-scale hydropower stations. In this paper, a 1:40 overall hydraulic model test was conducted to study the effects of aeration and cavitation on bottom aeration and side aeration law. The results show that the length of the bottom cavity is parabolic with respect to the single-width discharge, and the critical single-width discharge of the inflection point depends on the exit angle of the bottom pick-up water flow. There is a quadratic function relationship between the vent volume and the single- The aeration rate coefficient is not constant and decreases with the increase of turbulence in the water flow. The aeration concentration at the side of the aeration tank significantly increases the aeration concentration of the water body, which not only protects the side walls of the draining groove but also strengthens the protection of the bottom plate.