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@@ IntroductionThe Rho kinase (ROCK) inhibitor, Y-27632, dramatically increases the survival rate of hES cells observed during single cell passaging and freezing without negatively effecting the pluripotency or proliferation capacity of hES cells. It was reported that Y-27632 significantly inhibits cellular apoptosis and then increases the survival of passaged single hES cells. However, based upon our preliminary data, we have suggested that the positive effects of ROCK inhibition on hES cell survival are distinct from apoptosis. We propose that ROCK inhibition by Y-27632 alter cellular cytoskeletal components and then increase cell survival.