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As star material,graphene-based materials have attracted great attentions in many different fields including biomedicine due to their unique physicochemical properties.There have been numbers of evidences demonstrating the great potentials of graphene-based nanomaterials as biosensing probes,drug/gene delivery carriers,photothermal agents and theranostic platforms.However,the applications of graphene-based nano-agents as potential vaccine adjuvants in immunotherapy have been rarely explored.In this study,we carefully explore how to engineer graphene derivatives as vaccine adjuvants for immunotherapy using urease B(Ure B,a specific antigen for Helicobacter pylori)as a model antigen.