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The rheologycal behavior of polyacrylonitrile/1-Butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride (PAN/[BMIM]CI)solutions was investigated. The traditional shear-thinning phenomena were observed in the steady-state rheology experiments.However，both the zero-viscosity and flow activity energy are higher than that of PAN in the conventional solvent. From the dynamic rheology，there is no gel point was observed in the experimental range，which indicates that PAN/[BMIM]CI solutions is stable. The dominance of viscons behavior and elastic behavior，is affected by PAN concentration and molecular weight. At lower concentrations and molecular weight，solutions show viscous，inelastic behavior at the same deformation rate. Solutions with higher concentration and molecular weight are more elastic behavior. At low angular frequencies，the PAN solution behaves as a viscous liquid，the elastic component in viscoelastic behavior decreasing as the temperature of the solution is increased. Temperature and deformation rates can be used as parameters to control the rheological behavior of PAN solutions。