Molecular design and synthesis of covalent organic polymers (COPs) for energy storage and conversion

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  Since Geim et al.reported graphene in 2004[1], it has attracted tremendous interest due to its unique properties promising for various applications, e.g., field effect transistors, metal-free electrocatalysts for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in fuel cells, energy storage and electrodes in solar cells[2].However, how to modulate its electrical properties through band opening still remains a great challenge.In this regard, N-doping has been widely studied as one of the most feasible methods to modulate the electronic and other properties of graphene and its derivatives.To date, none of the reported techniques allows for control of the exact locations of N atoms in the doped nanostructure.If realized, however, the location control of the N-dopant heteroatoms should provide us with powerful means to tailor the structure-property relationship for N-doped graphene (N-graphene) and other (carbon) nanomaterials.Recently, we developed series of covalent organic polymers (COPs; Fig.1)[3-7] constructed from covalent bonds (C-C coupling) between the ever-changing organic linkers by homo-or hetero-polymerization, a similar category as MOFs[8-10], for energy conversion and storage.
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