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The molecular mechanisms underlying the bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) differentiating into neural cells are complex and remain mostly unknown.The basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) genes,such as Hesl and Mashl,have been identified to play an important role in neural stem cell differentiation.The aim of our work was to explore the expressions and effects of Hesl and Mashl gene in the process of BMSCs differentiating into neural cells.We isolated BMSCs from adult rats with complete bone marrow blood method.Then BMSCs of passage 3 (abbreviated to P3) were induced into neural cells by B27,bFGF and retinoic acid.Semi-quantitative RT-PCR was used to measure the expressions of Hes1 and Mash1 mRNA in the P3 BMSCs and that after induction for 1 and 3 d.We show that Hesl mRNA was present in undifferentiated BMSCs and had a temporal decrease at 1 d and then a significant increase at 3 d for induced P3 BMSCs.