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The first HIV-1 epidemic in China was found among male injection drug users (IDUs) in the Dehong prefecture of Yunnan in 1989.Since then, Yunnan province has had the highest numbers of HIV-1 infections and AIDS-related deaths in China.It is also considered a site for future vaccine studies, but a systematic study of the molecular epidemiology of HIV-1 in this province has not been done.The goal of this study is to conduct a molecular characterization of HIV-1 throughout every region of Yunnan.