Large displacements of structural elements,such as penetrometers or footings,are encountered frequently in offshore geotechnical applications.Three large deformation approaches have been used widely during the last two decade: the remeshing and interpolation technique by small strain(RITSS)developed locally at the University of Western Australia,the Coupled Eulerian-Lagrangian(CEL)approach functioned in commercial package Abaqus and the material point method(MPM).The theoretical basis,implementation,efficiency and versatility of these three approaches are detailed through their applications for submarine landslides,penetrometers,anchors in deep water and spudcan footings used in shallow water.The experiences and lessons in the previous researches are also shared.