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Background Optimal management strategy of coronary intermediate lesions remains unknown and challenging.Methods From January 2007 to May 2009, 97 patients with intermediate coronary lesions examined by intravascular ultrasound (minimal lumen cross sectional area, 3.84.8 mm2) were enrolled in the RCT-EAST trial; 47 were randomly assigned percutaneous coronary interventions (PCI) with drug-eluting stents (DES) and 50 medical treatment.The primary end point was a composite of all-cause death, re-infarction and target vessel revascularization (TVR) at 3 years.