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本章简要介绍西南地区铁路网布局与铁路建设规模及主要铁路通道概况。重点分析阐述了西南地区自然地理、地层岩性、地质构造、新构造断裂运动与地震活动、水文地质等地质环境特征及地震、地质灾害分布规律、形成机理及防灾减灾对策;结合工程实际研究论述西南地区常见的崩塌、滑坡、泥石流、岩溶、地面塌陷、隧道涌水、有害气体、采空区、岩爆与大变形等不良地质现象及膨胀土(岩)、红粘土、软土、盐岩等特点岩土的工程地质问题;紧密联系山区铁路选线技术、工程地质勘察与测试技术、地质综合勘探技术及地质灾害防治技术等的应用研究与实践,系统总结西南铁路工程地质50年的发展、成就与经验,并对21世纪西南铁路建设态势及工程地质与地质工程研究的发展趋势提出了展望。
This chapter briefly introduces the railway network layout and railway construction scale in Southwest China and the general situation of major railway corridors. This paper mainly analyzes and expounds the geologic environment characteristics, the distribution law of earthquake and geological disasters, formation mechanism and disaster prevention and mitigation measures of natural geography, stratigraphic lithology, geological structure, neotectonic fault movement and seismic activity and hydrogeology in Southwest China. Combining the actual engineering research Discusses the common geological phenomena such as collapse, landslide, debris flow, karst, ground subsidence, gushing water, harmful gas, goaf, rockburst and big deformation in Southwest China and expansive soil, red clay, soft soil and salt rock And other characteristics of geotechnical engineering geological problems; close contact with the mountain railway line selection technology, engineering geological survey and testing technology, integrated geological exploration technology and geological disaster prevention and control technology and other research and practice, systematic summary of Southwest Railway Engineering Geology 50 years of development , Achievements and experiences, and put forward the prospect of the trend of southwest railway construction in the 21st century and the development trend of engineering geology and geological engineering research.