Objective Bipolar disorder is a kind of mood disorder, cycling between the episodes of depression and mania.Because the symptoms of bipolar disorder overlap with some other psychosis, bipolar disorder may often be misdiagnosed at the first onset.Especially some patients with bipolar disorder showed hallucinations, and they would be misidentified as schizophrenia and treated unsuccessfully.Recent genetic studies also found the schizophrenia and bipolar disorder shared common polygenic variations.While some research found both bipolar disorder and schizophrenia showed higher prevalences of neurological soft signs comparing to healthy controls, very few studies have been conducted to specifically investigate the differential prevalences of neurological soft signs between the these two clinical groups.In this study we attempted to examine the discrimination pattern of neurological soft signs between patients with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder.Methods Ninety-six patients (48 patients in each group of schizophrenia and bipolar disorder) meeting the diagnostic criteria of DSM-Ⅳ were recruited for the current study.All the patients were right-handed.The neurological soft signs were examined by the Cambridge Neurological Inventory.The age, gender, education, IQ was matched between the groups.Discrimination analysis was conducted to examine the differential patterns of neurological soft sigs in these two groups.Results 66.7% of schizophrenia and 79.2% of bipolar disorder were correctly classified.Totally 72,9% of the all patients were correctly classified.Conclusion Schizophrenia and bipolar disorder showed a differential prevalence of neurological soft signs that may aid the clinical diagnosis of these two disorders in the near future.