纳米多孔金属的力学响应:表面效应的宏观体现

来源 :第十五届全国物理力学学术会议 | 被引量 : 0次 | 上传用户:laner12
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  当固体材料的样品尺寸降低至纳米尺度,其比表面积急剧上升,进而表现出不同于块体材料的优异物理性质和力学性能。例如,与块体材料相比,金属纳米线强度可提高一个数量级以上,甚至接近理论强度。然而,对单个纳米晶体样品进行精确力学表征极其困难,同时其细小样品尺寸也大大限制实际应用。脱合金腐蚀制备的纳米多孔金属具有毫米以上宏观样品尺寸,其高比表面积与纳米线等纳米晶体相当,且具有开孔结构。该材料可近似为纳米线在三维空间组装形成,含有大量自由表面的新材料。对其进行宏观尺度力学性能测试不仅为理解纳米晶体力学性质提供依据,同时也可能将纳米晶体独特性能“放大”到宏观尺度(宏观样品的宏观性能)并为探索应用提供了机会。本文将简要介绍纳米多孔金属的形成过程和结构特征,其高强度及独特的结构-性能关系,以及电化学环境中表面控制的力学性能往复调节等传统材料随不具备的功能特性。
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