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Impervious Polyethylene (HDPE and LLDPE) geomembranes have been successfully adopted as an alternative water barrier to conventional clay liner system of hydraulic reservoirs and water impoundments for several decades.With the ever-growing of population, the demand for more electric power capacity as well as clean water and aesthetic benefit increases significantly, hence the need for secure water containment grows.Polyethylene geomembrane with outstanding mechanical properties and high durability provides a cost-effective solution as seepage control and leakage prevention to the reservoirs and dams.This paper highlights the manufacturing quality assurance and characteristic of the polyethylene geomembranes as waterproofing elements.Case studies on the application of HDPE and LLDPE geomembranes as effective lining solution to the water reservoirs for power generating station in Thailand, an artificial recreational lake and rehabilitation of an aged dam in the USare presented in this paper.Finally, discussion on the geomembrane installation and field quality assurance are also described in this paper.