Rewards make the species pursue the desired outcomes which are always beneficial to their survival.Reward memory has powerful influences on learning,judging,and
Peripheral conditioning lesion refers to the phenomenon that an initial peripheral nerve injury induces an intrinsic growth state in dorsal root ganglia (DR
Neural progenitor cells (NPCs) are sequentially specified into neurons and glia during the development of central nervous system.However,the molecular mecha
Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is a well-known toxic gas that has the smell of rotten eggs.This pungent gas is synthesized from the amino acids:cysteine and homocys
The hyperpolarisation activated cAMP-gated cation channels (HCNs) belong to the cyclic nucleotide-gated (CNG) channel family and consist of four subtypes,HC
Background and Aims:Gastric epithelial cells are able to synthesize dopamine (DA),which plays an important role in the gastrointestinal mucosa protection.Ho