【摘 要】
：
纹枯病是水稻的第二大病害,在全球稻区普遍发生,特别在高温高温环境和高肥栽培条件下严重发生,造成严重减产和降低稻米品质.立枯丝核病原菌Rhizoctonia solani AG1 IA是水稻纹枯病的主要致病菌,也是玉米纹枯病、大豆纹枯病的重要致病菌.该病原菌寄主范围广,又具有多核、杂合、有性生殖退化等特性,人们对其病原机制和生物学特性的认识十分有限.由于病原机制复杂,且尚未发现高抗纹枯病的农作物品种
【机 构】
：
四川农业大学水稻研究所/杂交水稻国家重点实验室 成都611130
【出 处】
：
中国植物病理学会第十一届青年学术研讨会
论文部分内容阅读
纹枯病是水稻的第二大病害,在全球稻区普遍发生,特别在高温高温环境和高肥栽培条件下严重发生,造成严重减产和降低稻米品质.立枯丝核病原菌Rhizoctonia solani AG1 IA是水稻纹枯病的主要致病菌,也是玉米纹枯病、大豆纹枯病的重要致病菌.该病原菌寄主范围广,又具有多核、杂合、有性生殖退化等特性,人们对其病原机制和生物学特性的认识十分有限.由于病原机制复杂,且尚未发现高抗纹枯病的农作物品种资源,抗病育种也未取得突破性进展,生产上不得不大量施用化学农药进行防治,既增加生产成本更污染环境.本研究获得R.solani AG1 IA进行全基因组测序结果,组装出37M的全基因组框架图,基因组的杂合度为0.12％,检测到43,121 SNP位点,并获得真菌中最大的146 kb线立体完成图.6,156个基因注释到Pfam等数据库,其中257个基因注释到致病因子数据库PHI中.与担子菌类和不同类型病原菌比较基因组发现,其具有特有的致病基因家族和功能蛋白.基因组系统进化分析确定了其在担子菌亚门独特的进化地位,以及重复序列对基因组进化的影响.分析表明该病原菌并不具有庞大的碳水化合物水解酶家族,却具有独特的水解酶、吲哚类生物碱次生代谢产物合成酶以及相关的转运蛋白、细胞色素P450等致病相关决定因子,并预测构建了水稻纹枯病的致病信号传导途径,以及bipolar 有性生殖方式.通过病原菌侵染寄主不同时期的基因表达分析,构建了致病因子在侵染过程中的表达模式及预测到来知致病相关功能基因.从预测到的侵染早期高表达分泌蛋白中,经验证获得三类与寄主水稻、玉米、大豆互作的新型效应因子,揭示了效应因子的寄主专化性、快速群体进化和正向选择特性.用分离到的效应因子对水稻资源进行了抗感鉴定,从水稻核心种质资源库中初步筛选到抗感表型明显的种质资源.同时对水稻纹枯病的侵染组织细胞学、染色体核型分析、代谢产物合成酶基因原核表达等进行深入研究.本研究揭示出水稻纹枯病菌广寄主寄生生活方式和独特的病原机制.
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