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Thanks to the advantage of the R0 membrane technology,lots of large-scale RO systems are on operation in the world,producing high quality water through seawater desalination and municipal wastewater reclamation.Along with the further development of such new wastewater resources,we will have to apply RO technology to treat more difficult water resource.Accordingly,it is necessary to operate RO system stable and safely without trouble.Nitto Denko/Hydranautics have developed and supplied the new spiral-wound type RO elements with low differential (LD) pressure technology which reduces fouling and improves RO system performance.This technology uses a chemically enhanced,thicker feed spacer with unique geometry.The functions provided by the LD TechnologyTM,leading to better recovered performance,are:1) decrease of initial differential pressure;2) delocalization of foulant toward flow direction and consequential suppress of operational pressure;3) biofouling retardation by the combination of foulant delocalization and antibacterial property; and 4) improvement on discharging detached foulant in cleaning process due to expansion of flow path width.In this presentation,we show the design concept of the LD TechnologyTM and some field studies.The results is that the use of new RO elements with the LD TechnologyTM leads to longer membrane life,increased productivity,reduced cleaning cost.