The Diabetes Epidemic-Possible Causes-Saudi Arabia as an Example

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  Prevalence of diabetes mellitus (DM) is rising globally.The two most common forms are type 1 (T1D) and type 2 diabetes (T2D), but other formsexist.Etiology of DM thisis not fully understood.Both genetic and environmental factors appear to operate together, leading to an increase in insulin resistance,and/or an attack by the immune system on the insulin-producing cells.Recent increase in T1D incidence points more to a changing global environment ratherthan variation in the gene pool, which requires the passage of multiple generations, while the increase in the rates of T2D has been mainly attributed to the risein obesity worldwide.However, studies on families and twins indicate that T2D has also a strong genetic component.
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