A systematic investigation on the theoretical framework of the instantaneous temperature measurement by Extend X-ray Absorption Fine Structure (EXAFS) has been carried out,based on the EXAFS cumulant expansion analysis and anharmonic correlated Debye model,a new temperature measurement scheme has been advanced which is theoretically superior to the traditional ones by considering the anharmonic effect of thermal vibration and avoiding the employment of the empirical model as well as parameters with large uncertainties in the temperature determination.