Wireless biometric networks (WBNs) are conceived as a result of the integration of biometrics and wireless sensor networks.In its most limiting primitive form, a WBN is comprised exclusively of wearable medical sensors used for non-intrusive, real-time monitoring of vital signs in humans or animals.An unrestrictive monitoring model retrieves data from minuscule implantable medical sensors in addition to wearable nodes.In this work, we show that a nanoscale,interconnected, possibly multi-hop, wireless implanted/in vivo biosensor network (WIBN) facilitates a plethora of monitoring, diagnosis, and drug delivery applications.For instance, a WIBN could be used to monitor and risk-stratify the growth aggressiveness of a cancerous tumor, salvage cardiac biomarkers diffused into the bloodstream signaling heart disease, or gauge the impact of brain pacemakers developed for deep brain stimulation in neurological patients.In a WIBN, data is routed between implanted sensors, body-mounted devices, and remotely deployed stations at a healthcare facility to assess intervention options, both diagnostic and therapeutic.We propose a novel routing and medium access framework for multi-hop connectivity in WIBNs with an eye toward developing innovative solutions to reduce power dissipation, thus extending the lifetime of in vivo sensors and minimizing the harmful effects of electromagnetic radiation on internal human tissues.Low computational complexity, minimal communication overhead,and high power efficiency are intrinsic to the WIBN framework.