In the most general terms EXPOSOME is represents 'the measure of cumulative environmental influences and biological responses through the lifespan,including exposures from the environment,diet,behaviour and endogenous processes'.It reveals the importance of the environment in our lives at the individual level(personalized approach).Among positive or negative environmental influences are also essential,toxic and potentially toxic microelements like Se,Cu,Zn,Mn,Cd,Hg,Pb,Cr,As and Ni.Biological responses to their environmental presence can be monitored by different biomarkers reflecting i)the presence of pollutant(biomarkers of internal dose),ii)adverse biological responses(biomarkers of effect)and iii)the ability of an organism to respond to the challenge of exposure(biomarkers of susceptibility).The first set of biomarkers is obtained by direct measurements of microelements or their metabolites and the second set by measurable biochemical,genetic,physiological and behavioral alteration within the organism.The third set of biomarkers is closely related to the role of genetic variations leading to inter-individual differences.Various known and unknown biomarkers can overlay and can be strongly interrelated.In the 'EXPOSOME concept' a multi-biomarker approach is used.Regarding microelements,in practice a whole set of essential,toxic and potentially toxic microelements is measured in each sample and complemented by biomarkers obtained by 'omics' technologies like genomics,epigenomics,transcriptomics,proteomics,adductomics and metabolomics.'Omics' technologies deal with a huge sets(in hundreds or thousands)of genes,including their polymorphisms(like SNPs representing the most abundant sequence variations in the genome),epigenetic changes,RNAs,proteins,adducts and metabolites.In such large scale studies multiple biomarkers can be identified de novo.Consequently,new relations or pathways possibly influencing the risk or outcome of certain microelement(s)-dependent diseases can be identified.