自從大航海時代之後,中國歷史的研究已經納入世界史的視野。關於中國的歷史和知識的記載已經不僅限於中文文獻。明清之際西方傳教士進入中國,這些傳教士長期生活在中國,相當多傳教士終老於中國各地。他們長年累月地向歐洲的梵蒂岡教廷、各修會會長、各國的重要聯繫人寫信彙報自己在中國的所見所聞。晚清之後中國進入半殖民地時期,大量的西方商人進入中國,也留下了大批關於中國的文獻。從全球化史的觀點來看,這些文獻不僅僅是研究中西文化交流史的歷史文獻,也是研究中國歷史本體的重要文獻。中國歷史文獻學目前最需要開拓的領域就是全面調查這批文獻。本文從學理的角度初步闡述了展開這批文獻的學術價值,同時對目前歐洲收藏中國文獻的幾個重要檔案館的所藏中國文獻做了初步的介紹,旨在推動歐洲藏中國文獻的調查與整理工作。 Since the era of great voyage, the study of Chinese history has been incorporated into the perspective of world history. The history of China and knowledge of the record has not only limited to Chinese literature. During the Ming and Qing dynasties, Western missionaries entered China. These missionaries lived in China for a long time, and quite a few preachers eventually lived in various parts of China. Over the years, they wrote letters to the Vatican’s Holy See, the Presidents of the various parliaments and their important contacts in various countries in Europe, reporting what they saw and heard about in China. After the late Qing Dynasty China entered the semi-colonial period, a large number of Western businessmen entered China and left a large number of documents on China. From the point of view of globalization, these documents are not only historical documents for studying the history of Sino-Western cultural exchanges, but also important documents for studying the history of China. At present, the most needed field of Chinese historical philology is the comprehensive investigation of these documents. This article tentatively elaborates the academic value of launching these documents from the academic perspective and at the same time provides a preliminary introduction of the Chinese documents in several important archives of the current European collections of Chinese documents aimed at promoting the investigation and Finishing work.